Kugabana ubumenyi bwibikoresho

1. Gusaza ubwoko bwibikoresho bya polymer

Ibikoresho bya polymer mubikorwa byo gutunganya, kubika no gukoresha, bitewe nigikorwa cyuzuye cyibintu byimbere ninyuma, imitungo yacyo igenda yangirika buhoro buhoro, kuburyo gutakaza burundu agaciro kokoresha, iki kintu kijyanye no gusaza kwibikoresho bya polymer.

Ibi ntibitera guta umutungo gusa, ahubwo binatera impanuka nyinshi bitewe no kunanirwa kwimikorere, kandi kubora ibikoresho biterwa no gusaza kwayo bishobora no kwanduza ibidukikije.

Bitewe nubwoko butandukanye bwa polymer nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, hariho ibintu bitandukanye byo gusaza nibiranga.Muri rusange, gusaza kwibikoresho bya polymer birashobora gushyirwa mubwoko bune bukurikira:

Impinduka mumiterere

Hano hari ibibara, ibibara, imirongo ya feza, ibice, ubukonje, ifu, umusatsi, kurwana, fisheye, inkeke, kugabanuka, gutwika, kugoreka optique no guhindura ibara ryiza.

Impinduka mumiterere yumubiri

Harimo gukemuka, kubyimba, imiterere ya rheologiya no kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya ubushyuhe, amazi yinjira, umwuka uhumeka nibindi bintu byimpinduka.

Impinduka mumiterere yubukanishi

Imbaraga zingutu, imbaraga zunama, imbaraga zogosha, imbaraga zingaruka, kurambura ugereranije, kuruhuka, nibindi.

Impinduka mumashanyarazi

Nkuburwanya bwubuso, kurwanya amajwi, guhora dielectric, imbaraga zo gusenyuka kwamashanyarazi.

2. Ibintu bitera gusaza ibikoresho bya polymer

Kuberako mugutunganya polymer, inzira yo gukoresha, izaterwa nubushyuhe, ogisijeni, amazi, urumuri, microorganisme hamwe nibidukikije nkibikoresho bya chimique bihuza imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yabyo bishobora kubyara urukurikirane rwimpinduka, imiterere mibi yumubiri, nkiyi nk'imisatsi ikomeye, yoroheje, ifatanye, ibara, gutakaza imbaraga nibindi, izi mpinduka nibintu byitwa gusaza.

Polimeri nyinshi munsi yubushyuhe cyangwa urumuri bizakora molekile zishimye, mugihe ingufu ziba nyinshi bihagije, urunigi rwa molekile ruzacika kugirango rukore radicals yubuntu, radicals yubusa irashobora gukora urunigi rwimbere muri polymer, ikomeza gutera kwangirika, bishobora no gutera guhuza.

Niba ogisijeni cyangwa ozone ihari mubidukikije, urukurikirane rwa okiside irashobora gushukwa gukora hydroperoxide (ROOH), ishobora kubora mumatsinda ya karubone.

Niba hari ibyuma bisigaye bya catalizator ion muri polymer, cyangwa ioni yicyuma nkumuringa, icyuma, manganese na cobalt byinjizwa muri polymer mugihe cyo gutunganya no kubikoresha, reaction ya degisation ya okiside ya polymer izihuta.

3. Uburyo bwo kurwanya gusaza ibikoresho bya polymer

Kugeza ubu, uburyo nyamukuru bwo kunoza no kuzamura imiterere yo kurwanya gusaza ibikoresho bya polymer nuburyo bukurikira:

Gusaza kwibikoresho bya polymer, cyane cyane gusaza kwa fotoxygene, kubanza gutangirira hejuru yibintu cyangwa ibicuruzwa, bigaragarira nkibara, ifu, guturika, kugabanuka kwinshi, hanyuma buhoro buhoro bikagera imbere.

Ibicuruzwa bito birashobora kunanirwa hakiri kare kuruta ibicuruzwa byinshi, bityo ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibicuruzwa burashobora kongerwa nibicuruzwa byimbitse.

Kubintu byoroshye gusaza kubicuruzwa, birashobora gutwikirwa hejuru cyangwa bigashyirwa hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhangana nikirere, cyangwa mugice cyo hanze cyibicuruzwa bigizwe nibintu byiza birwanya ikirere, kuburyo ubuso bwibicuruzwa bifatanye kumurongo yo kurinda urwego, kugirango utinde gusaza.

Mubikorwa bya synthesis cyangwa kwitegura, ibikoresho byinshi nabyo bifite ikibazo cyo gusaza.Kurugero, ingaruka zubushyuhe mugikorwa cya polymerisation, ogisijeni yumuriro usaza mugutunganya nibindi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingaruka za ogisijeni zirashobora kugabanywa wongeyeho ibikoresho bya deoxygene cyangwa ibikoresho bya vacuum muri polymerisation cyangwa gutunganya.

Nyamara, ubu buryo bushobora kwemeza gusa imikorere yibikoresho mu ruganda, kandi ubu buryo bushobora gushyirwa mubikorwa biturutse gusa ku isoko yo gutegura ibikoresho, ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo cyashaje mugihe cyo gusubiramo no gukoresha.

Hariho amatsinda yoroshye gusaza mumiterere ya molekulire yibikoresho byinshi bya polymer, kubwibyo rero binyuze mumiterere ya molekulari yububiko bwibikoresho, gusimbuza amatsinda atoroshye gusaza hamwe nitsinda ryoroshye gusaza akenshi bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza.

Cyangwa kwinjiza amatsinda cyangwa imikorere ikora hamwe ningaruka zo kurwanya gusaza kumurongo wa polymer molekulari mugushushanya cyangwa uburyo bwa cololymerisation, guha ibikoresho ubwabyo nibikorwa byiza byo kurwanya gusaza, nuburyo nuburyo bukoreshwa nabashakashatsi, ariko ikiguzi ni kinini, kandi ntishobora kugera ku musaruro munini no kuyishyira mu bikorwa.

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwiza nuburyo busanzwe bwo kunoza gusaza ibikoresho bya polymer ni ukongeramo inyongeramusaruro zirwanya ubusaza, zikoreshwa cyane kubera igiciro gito kandi nta mpamvu yo guhindura imikorere ihari.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwo kongeramo ibyo birwanya gusaza:

Kwiyongera ku buryo butaziguye: inyongeramusaruro zirwanya gusaza (ifu cyangwa amazi) hamwe na resin hamwe nibindi bikoresho fatizo bivangwa mu buryo butaziguye no kuvangwa nyuma yo gukuramo granulation cyangwa inshinge zatewe, n'ibindi. Kubera ubworoherane bwayo, ubu buryo bwo kongeramo bukoreshwa cyane mu kuvoma no inganda zitera inshinge.

Uburyo bwo kongera gusaza masterbatch uburyo bwiyongera: Mubakora ibicuruzwa bisabwa cyane kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bihamye, birasanzwe ko hongerwaho kurwanya-gusaza mu musaruro.

Kurwanya gusaza masterbatch ikwiye resin nkuwitwaye, ivanze nuburyo butandukanye bwingirakamaro bwo kurwanya gusaza, hanyuma binyuze muri twin-screw extruder co-extrusion granulation, ibyiza byo kuyikoresha biri mubyongeweho gusaza mugihe cyo gutegura ibikoresho bya mbere. yatatanye, bitinze cyane mugikorwa cyo gutunganya ibikoresho, anti-garing agent ibona ikwirakwizwa rya kabiri, Kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukwirakwiza abafasha muri materique ya polymer, ntabwo ari ukugirango gusa ireme ryibicuruzwa bihamye, ahubwo no kwirinda. umwanda wanduye mugihe cyumusaruro, bigatuma umusaruro urushaho kuba icyatsi no kurengera ibidukikije.